Project 5- Buttons!

Project 5 – Buttons

Our first use of a digital input, a push button to control a LED.

Molly pushing the button

Hardware concepts we learned were:

• ·         How a push button can regulate voltage and send signals to the microcontroller
• ·         Why a push button needs more resistance than an LED, and the use of a “pull-up” resistor to prevent false readings from the button

Programming concepts we learned were:

1. ·         Logic Operations (==,!=,&&,||,!) to build if..then statements
2. ·         digitalRead for a digital input

Our Program-  If you push one of the buttons, light up the LED.  If you press both at the same time, turn it off.

const int button1Pin = 2;  // pushbutton 1 pin

const int button2Pin = 3;  // pushbutton 2 pin

const int ledPin =  13;    // LED pin

void setup()

{  pinMode(button1Pin, INPUT);

  pinMode(button2Pin, INPUT);

  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); 

}

void loop()

{  int button1State, button2State;

  button1State = digitalRead(button1Pin);

  button2State = digitalRead(button2Pin);

  if (((button1State == LOW) || (button2State == LOW)) 

      ((button1State == LOW) && (button2State == LOW)))

    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);

  }  else  {    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);    }

}

Project 4: Multiple LED's

Project 4 –Multiple LED’s -  8 lights at a time!

Programming concepts we learned were:

• ·         Managing lots of variables with arrays.
• ·         Random number generation

Our 3 programs:

1. 1.    Light all 8 LED’s one by one
2. 2.    Have the lights “chase”each other like on a marquee
3. 3.    Light up a random light

int ledPins[] = {2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};

void setup()

{  int index;

    for(index = 0; index <= 7; index++)

  {    pinMode(ledPins[index],OUTPUT); }}

void loop()

{  oneAfterAnotherLoop() 

  chasing();            

  randomLED();         }

void oneAfterAnotherLoop()

{  int index;

  int delayTime = 100;

  for(index = 0; index <= 7; index++)

  {    digitalWrite(ledPins[index], HIGH);

    delay(delayTime)    

  }                                 

  for(index = 7; index >= 0; index--)

  {    digitalWrite(ledPins[index], LOW);

    delay(delayTime);}            

}

void chasing()

{  int index;

  int delayTime = 200;                  

  for(index = 0; index <= 3; index++)   {

    digitalWrite(ledPins[index], HIGH);   

    digitalWrite(ledPins[index+4], HIGH); 

    delay(delayTime);                     

    digitalWrite(ledPins[index], LOW);   

    digitalWrite(ledPins[index+4], LOW);    }}

void randomLED()

{  int index;

  int delayTime;

    index = random(8);       

  delayTime = 100;

            digitalWrite(ledPins[index], HIGH); 

  delay(delayTime);                   

  digitalWrite(ledPins[index], LOW);  

}

Project 3 - RGB LED's

Project 3 –Lighting up RGB LED’S

Molly explaining to me that her Pony has RGB LED's in
 them that use
similar programs that we wrote.

Hardware concepts we learned were:

• ·         How a RGB LED has a Red, Green, and Blue diode that can be used together to create any possible color
•  

Programming concepts we learned were:

• ·         Constant vs global vs local variables
• ·         Using subroutines (functions)
• ·         Using a For..To.. Loop with conditional statements

Our Program-  2 different programs.  The first one lights up each of the 9 “main” colors one at a time.  Then a “rainbow” program that goes though 768 different colors one by once, gradually going through the rainbow, turning on and off faster than the human eye can detect.

const int RED_PIN = 9;

const int GREEN_PIN = 10;

const int BLUE_PIN = 11;

int DISPLAY_TIME = 100; 

void setup()

{ pinMode(RED_PIN, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(GREEN_PIN, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(BLUE_PIN, OUTPUT);}

void loop()

{mainColors();

  showSpectrum();}

void mainColors()

{  digitalWrite(RED_PIN, LOW);

  digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, LOW);

  digitalWrite(BLUE_PIN, LOW);

  delay(1000);

  digitalWrite(RED_PIN, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, LOW);

  digitalWrite(BLUE_PIN, LOW);

  delay(1000);

  digitalWrite(RED_PIN, LOW);

  digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(BLUE_PIN, LOW);

  delay(1000);

  digitalWrite(RED_PIN, LOW);

  digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, LOW);

  digitalWrite(BLUE_PIN, HIGH);

  delay(1000);

    digitalWrite(RED_PIN, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(BLUE_PIN, LOW);

  delay(1000);

  digitalWrite(RED_PIN, LOW);

  digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(BLUE_PIN, HIGH);

  delay(1000);

  digitalWrite(RED_PIN, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, LOW);

  digitalWrite(BLUE_PIN, HIGH);

  delay(1000);

  digitalWrite(RED_PIN, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(GREEN_PIN, HIGH);

  digitalWrite(BLUE_PIN, HIGH);

  delay(1000);}

 showSpectrum()

void showSpectrum()

{  int x; 

    for (x = 0; x < 768; x++)

  { showRGB(x);

    delay(10);     }}

void showRGB(int color)

{  int redIntensity;

  int greenIntensity;

  int blueIntensity;

  if (color <= 255)          // zone 1

  {    redIntensity = 255 - color;    // red goes from on to off

    greenIntensity = color;        // green goes from off to on

    blueIntensity = 0;             // blue is always off

  }

  else if (color <= 511)     // zone 2

  {    redIntensity = 0;                     // red is always off

    greenIntensity = 255 - (color - 256); // green on to off

    blueIntensity = (color - 256);        // blue off to on

  }

  else // color >= 512       // zone 3

  {    redIntensity = (color - 512);         // red off to on

    greenIntensity = 0;                   // green is always off

    blueIntensity = 255 - (color - 512);  // blue on to off

  }

  analogWrite(RED_PIN, redIntensity);

  analogWrite(BLUE_PIN, blueIntensity);

  analogWrite(GREEN_PIN, greenIntensity);}

Project 2 - Potentiometer with Led

Project 2 – Pentiometer with LED

The blue knob in the back is the potentiometer

We modified our first project to include a potentiometer, which we used to control the blink rate of the LED instead of the program we wrote.

Hardware concepts we learned were:

• ·         How a pentiotiometer can control the voltage to the output.
• ·         The difference between an Analog and Digital output

Programming concepts we learned were:

• ·         What a variable is and how to declare and use them
• ·         Using different data types (Int)
• ·         How to read an analog input with analogRead

Our Program-  The delay function is linked to the value coming from the potentiometer, so the more we turn the knob, the faster it blinks.

int sensorPin = 0  

int ledPin = 13

void setup()

{ pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT)}

void loop()

{ int sensorValue

  sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin)

  digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH

  delay(sensorValue)

    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW)

  delay(sensorValue)}

Project 1 - LED Blink

Our very first project was make a circuit with an LED and write a program to have it blink.

Hardware concepts we learned were:

• ·         How a breadboard allows us to temporarily create circuits without soldering
• ·         How electricity(5V)  flows from the computer USB to the Arduino, and from the Arduino to the breadboard.
• ·         The importance of using grounds to complete circuits
• ·         How to send information from the Arduino output pin to the LED with a lead.
• ·         Why we need to use a resistor with an LED to limit the current

Programming concepts we learned were:

1. ·         What is means to compile and upload a program.
2. ·         The purpose of the setup() and loop() functions
3. ·         How to configure a pin as in input or output with pinMode()
4. ·         How to turn on and off current from the pin with digitalWrite()
5. ·         How to slow down the program processing with delay ()

Our Program-  This program repeatedly turns on the LED connected to Pin 13, keeps it on for 1 second, then turns it off for one second

void setup()

{pinMode(13, OUTPUT)}

 void loop()

{digitalWrite(13, HIGH)

delay(1000)

digitalWrite(13, LOW)

  delay(1000)}